Fatal factitious Cushing syndrome (Münchhausen’s syndrome) in a patient with macroprolactinoma and silent corticotrophinoma: case report and literature review

Table 3 Clinical and laboratorial data from 22 patients with factitious Cushing’s syndrome from review of literature

Authors	Age (year)	Gender	24 h UC	DST	Serum cortisol	Plasma ACTH	Pituitary MRI	Adrenal CT	Medication
Witt, 1981 [10]	15	F	Up	Suppression	Up	N	Normal	Normal	Prednisone
Cook, 1985 [14]	33	F	Lo	Absent	Up	N	Normal	NA	NA
O’Hare, 1986 [11]	22	M	Up	Suppression	V	N	Normal	Normal	Hydrocortisone
Anderson, 1993 [12]	46	F	N	NA	Lo	NA	Normal	Normal	Prednisolone
Anderson, 1993 [12]	23	F	Lo	NA	N	NA	NA	Normal	Prednisone
O’Shaughnessy, 1995 [7]	37	F	Up	Suppression	Up	N	Questionable	Normal	Prednisolone
Workman, 1995 [13]	33	F	Up	Suppression	N	N	NA	NA	Hydrocortisone
Cizza, 1996 [1]	37	F	V	Paradoxical	Up	Up	Microadenoma	Normal	Prednisolone/Dexamethasone
Cizza, 1996 [1]	31	M	Up	Absent	Up	Lo	Microadenoma	Atrophy	Cortisone
Cizza, 1996 [1]	44	F	Up	NA	N	N	Questionable	Normal	Unknown
Cizza, 1996 [1]	32	F	V	Suppression	Lo	NA	Questionable	Atrophy	Unknown
Cizza, 1996 [1]	36	F	NA	NA	Lo	Lo	Normal	Left-sided mass	Prednisolone
Cizza, 1996 [1]	31	F	Lo	NA	Lo	Lo	Normal	Atrophy	Prednisone
Villanueva, 2000 [9]	37	F	Lo	NA	Lo	NA	NA	NA	Dexamethasone
Villanueva, 2000 [9]	57	F	V	NA	V	Lo	Normal	Normal	Dexamethasone
Villanueva, 2000 [9]	47	F	NA	NA	V	Lo	Normal	Right-sided mass	Unknown
Villanueva, 2000 [9]	54	F	Lo	NA	Lo	Lo	Normal	NA	Dexamethasone
Ach, 2005 [6]	29	M	N	NA	N	N	NA	Normal	Dexamethasone/Hydrocortisone
Ach, 2005 [6]	60	M	N	NA	N	NA	NA	NA	Betamethasone
Kansagara, 2006* [3]	33	F	Lo	NA	Lo	N	Normal	Normal	Prednisone
Thynne, 2013 [2]	54	F	Up	NA	V	V	Normal	Normal	Prednisolone

NA: not available; Up: upper; Lo: lower; N: normal; V: variable F (female), M(male), DST (dexamethasone suppression test), UC urinary cortisol *Fatal case

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