Fig. 3

FPIR (mU/L) levels and autoantibody status. The distribution of log2-transformed first-phase insulin response (FPIR) (mU/L) stratified by presence of IAA, GADA, IA-2A or ZnT8(Q/R/Q)A (n = 57). The boxplot indicates the median, the interquartile range, the violin around the boxplot shows the shape of the distribution, with individual data points shown in grey. Based on the model in Table 3 with the status of the four antibodies as the main predictor, adjusted for age and sex, log2(FPIR) was not found to be statistically significantly different depending on the status of IAA, GADA or IA-2A (p = 0.564, 0.637, 0.262), but there was some evidence suggesting that FPIR is lower for those with at least one of ZnT8(Q/R/W)A present compared to those with no ZnT8(Q/R/W)A (1.74 mU/L lower (95% CI = 1.01, 2.99), p = 0.046)