Table 1 Obstetric and neonatal characteristics of pregnancies extending beyond 20 weeks gestation
Offspring no. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 (Twin 1) | 7 (Twin 2) | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | 21 | 22 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 38 |
Gender | M | F | F | M | F | F | M | M |
Genotype of offspring | N/T | INSR+ | INSR+ | INSR+ | INSR- | INSR+ | N/T | N/T |
Metformin | 0 | 0 | 2 g/day | 2 g/day | 2 g/day | 2 g/day until trimester 2 | 2 g/day until trimester 2 | 2 g/day |
First trimester TDD insulin, units (unit/kg) | 110 (1.47) | 100 (1.27) | 88 (1.25) | 66 (0.91) | 46 (0.66) | 51 (0.68) | 51 (0.68) | 68 (0.9) |
Third trimester TDD insulin, units (unit/kg) | 120 (1.54) | 134 (1.68) | 83 (1.1) | 71 (0.96) | 46 (0.58) | 111 (1.26) | 111 (1.26) | 120 (1.4) |
Booking fructosamine (nmol/l) | 280 | 283 | 304 | 365 | 333 | 331 | 331 | 368 |
Third trimester fructosamine (nmol/l) | – | – | 230 | 235 | 224 | 224 | 224 | 235 |
Booking HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 56 | 64 | 67 | 74 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 83 |
Third trimester HbA1c (mmol/mol) | – | – | 39 | 45 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 52 |
Status at birth | Neonatal death | Live birth | Live birth | Live birth | Live birth | Live birth | IUD | IUD |
Birthweight (kg) | 0.5 | 0.74 | 2.87 | 3.11 | 3.52 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.52 |
Gestation (weeks) | 21+2 | 26+4 | 38 | 38 | 38+3 | 36+2 | 36+2 (foetal demise at 32w) | 35+3 |
Birth centile | n/a | 5 | 40 | 66 | 94 | 9 | 100 | 100 |
Type of delivery | SVD | SVD | EmCS (failed IOL) | ELCS | ELCS | ELCS | ELCS | ELCS |
Offspring complications | Placental insufficiency | HH, VSD, pulmonary hypoplasia, developmental delay, autism | T1DM age 2, IA-2, ZnT8 positive [8] | VSD |