Table 2 Undiscounted per capita direct medical costs of care outside the DPP/DPPOS by intervention group and study year, and distribution of undiscounted per capita 10-year direct medical costs of care outside the DPP/DPPOS by intervention group and type ($)

Costs by year

Lifestyle

Metformin

Placebo

 1-DPP

1,423

1,517

1,617

 2-DPP

1,780

1,837

2,045

 3-DPP

1,979

1,854

2,018

 4 (Bridge)

2,059

2,087

2,330

 5-DPPOS

2,015

2,174

2,543

 6-DPPOS

2,519

2,493

2,636

 7-DPPOS

2,645

3,061

2,875

 8-DPPOS

3,444

3,607

3,319

 9-DPPOS

3,291

3,298

3,265

 10-DPPOS

3,406

3,686

4,822

TOTAL

24,563

25,615

27,468

Costs by category

Lifestyle

Metformin

Placebo

 Outpatient visits

6,845

7,145

7,325

 Inpatient care

5,631

5,817

6,856

 ER visits

1,941

1,690

1,825

 Urgent care visits

1,697

1,945

1,811

 Calls to physicians

712

742

712

 Prescription medications

6,490

6,619

6,959

 Self-monitoring supplies and laboratory tests for diabetes

1,248

1,628

1,978

TOTAL

24,563

25,615

27,468