Table 4 Factors related to bone and mineral metabolism disturbances following pancreas transplantation
• Preexisting: older age, female gender, long duration of pretransplant kidney failure, history of pretransplant fracture, severity of hyperparathyroidism secondary to kidney disease • Inherent to transplant status: kidney function, use of immunosuppressive agents (especially glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors) • Other factors commonly observed after transplantation: hypogonadism, vitamin D deficiency, persistent parathyroid disease, thyroid abnormalities |  |