Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology

Fig. 3

From: Determinants of hospitalization in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving a peer support intervention and JADE integrated care: the PEARL randomised controlled trial

Fig. 3

A structural equation model (SEM) showing the effects of change in negative emotions (DASS, PHQ9, CDDS) on hospitalizations (admission episodes and stay) and medication adherence as well as the interaction between peer support and CKD/CVD on hospitalizations. Goodness of fit indices of the model: pvalue of the Chi-squared test is 0.1330; the root mean square error of approximation is 0.019, the CFI value is 0.978. The figure represents the estimates of latent variable relationships to outcome variables with pvalues in parentheses (refer to Table 2 for full details of the SEM). Abbreviations: PHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, DASS-21: 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, CDDS-15: 15-item Chinese Diabetes Distress Scale, Medication Adherence: 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease as estimated glomerular filtration rate 15–60 ml/min/1.73 m , CVD: Cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary bypass operation), stroke, peripheral vascular disease (lower extremity amputation, absent foot pulses with ankle:brachial ratio < 0.9 and/or lower limb revascularization)

Back to article page