Table 1 Participant characteristics, n = 424
Characteristic | N (%) or mean (SD) |
|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 60.5 (11.5) |
Sex | |
 Female | 224 (52.8) |
 Male | 200 (47.2) |
Educational level | |
 Some HS | 24 (5.7) |
 HS grad or GED | 101 (23.9) |
 Some college | 154 (36.3) |
 College degree | 88 (20.8) |
 Grad degree | 57 (13.4) |
Race | |
 White | 271 (63.9) |
 Black | 138 (32.6) |
 Other | 15 (3.5) |
Latino | |
 No | 417 (98.4) |
 Yes | 7 (1.7) |
Duration of diabetes, mean (SD) | 8.2 (7.6) |
Diabetes empowerment, mean (SD) | 4.3 (0.5) |
Diabetes self-care, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.4) |
Diabetes distress, mean (SD) | 10.5 (12.8) |
Comorbidities, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.9) |
Self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services, mean (SD) | 1.2 (2.3) |
A1c, mean (SD) | 7.5 (1.1) |
Neighborhood economic disadvantagea | |
 Low | 52 (12.3) |
 Medium | 314 (74.1) |
 High | 58 (13.7) |
Neighborhood residential instabilitya | |
 Low | 61 (14.4) |
 Medium | 288 (67.9) |
 High | 75 (17.7) |
Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneitya | |
 Low | 79 (18.6) |
 Medium | 265 (62.5) |
 High | 80 (18.9) |
NSDa | |
 Low | 71 (16.8) |
 Medium | 300 (70.8) |
 High | 53 (12.5) |