How is neighborhood social disorganization associated with diabetes outcomes? A multilevel investigation of glycemic control and self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services

Table 2 Unadjusted effects of neighborhood variables on outcomes, n = 424

Variable	A1c^a		Self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services^a
Variable	Regression Coefficient B (95% CI)	p-value	Regression Coefficient B (95% CI)	p-value
Neighborhood economic disadvantage
Low	0.26 (−0.06, 0.58)	0.11	−0.55 (−1.09, − 0.01)	0.05
Medium	REF		REF
High	0.23 (−0.08, 0.54)	0.15	0.49* (0.03, 0.95)	0.04
Neighborhood residential instability
Low	0.07 (− 0.23, 0.38)	0.63	− 0.42 (− 0.94, 0.09)	0.11
Medium	REF		REF
High	0.19 (− 0.09, 0.47)	0.18	−0.22 (− 0.69, 0.24)	0.33
Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneity
Low	−0.002 (− 0.28, 0.27)	0.98	− 0.27 (− 0.74, 0.20)	0.25
Medium	REF		REF
High	0.16 (−0.12, 0.43)	0.26	0.02 (−0.43, 0.46)	0.94
NSD (composite measure)
Low	0.17 (−0.10, 0.45)	0.21	−0.25 (− 0.72, 0.22)	0.29
Medium	REF		REF
High	0.47** (0.16, 0.78)	0.003	0.04 (−0.44, 0.53)	0.86

NSD refers to neighborhood social disorganization
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01
^aModel adjusts for clustering of observations within census tract, but does not adjust for any individual-level demographic, psychosocial, or clinical variables. Each neighborhood variable was analyzed separately

ISSN: 2055-8260