Table 5 Multivariable analysis of factors associated with insulin discontinuation
Characteristic | Labs Multiply Imputed (7009 patients) | Labs Not Included (7009 patients) | Patients with Missing Labs Not Included (2790 patients) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
Age | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.022 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | 0.02 | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) | 0.44 |
Female | 1.1 (0.95–1.2) | 0.28 | 1.1 (0.95–1.2) | 0.28 | 1.02 (0.85–1.2) | 0.83 |
Race | ||||||
African-American | 0.98 (0.84–1.2) | 0.83 | 0.98 (0.84–1.2) | 0.83 | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.12 |
Asian | 1.1 (0.86–1.5) | 0.41 | 1.1 (0.86–1.5) | 0.41 | 0.98 (0.67–1.4) | 0.91 |
Hispanic | 0.95 (0.80–1.1) | 0.55 | 0.95 (0.80–1.1) | 0.55 | 0.93 (0.70–1.2) | 0.62 |
Other | 1.1 (0.87–1.3) | 0.55 | 1.1 (0.87–1.3) | 0.55 | 1.1 (0.80–1.4) | 0.62 |
Married | 1.01 (0.91–1.1) | 0.79 | 1.01 (0.91–1.1) | 0.79 | 1.02 (0.86–1.2) | 0.85 |
Median household income by zip code | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.21 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.21 | 1.02 (1.00–1.1) | 0.32 |
Smoking history | 1.01 (0.91–1.1) | 0.87 | 1.01 (0.91–1.1) | 0.87 | 1.1 (0.93–1.3) | 0.27 |
CAD | 0.98 (0.86–1.1) | 0.78 | 0.98 (0.86–1.1) | 0.78 | 1.01 (0.82–1.3) | 0.92 |
Stroke | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.02 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.02 | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 0.0017 |
PVD | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.08 | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.08 | 0.78 (0.58–1.1) | 0.11 |
HTN | 0.96 (0.84–1.1) | 0.61 | 0.96 (0.84–1.1) | 0.61 | 0.84 (0.67–1.1) | 0.16 |
Depression | 1.03 (0.90–1.2) | 0.70 | 1.03 (0.90–1.2) | 0.70 | 0.12 (0.97–1.4) | 0.10 |
Bipolar | 1.25 (0.91–1.7) | 0.17 | 1.25 (0.91–1.7) | 0.17 | 1.3 (0.83–2.1) | 0.24 |
Schizophrenia | 0.84 (0.53–1.3) | 0.44 | 0.84 (0.53–1.3) | 0.44 | 0.75 (0.39–1.5) | 0.40 |
Hypoglycemia | 0.99 (0.63–1.6) | 0.98 | 0.99 (0.63–1.6) | 0.98 | 0.66 (0.31–1.4) | 0.30 |
CCI | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.003 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.003 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.62 |
BMI Increase | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | < 0.001 | 0.57 (0.43–0.77) | 0.0003 |
Number of DM non-insulin meds | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.27 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 0.27 | 0.99 (0.91–1.1) | 0.95 |
Number of non-DM meds | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.04 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.04 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.32 |
Adverse Reactions to non-insulin meds | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.91 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.91 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.78 |
SBP | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.93 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.93 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.26 |
DBP | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 | 0.99 (0.99–1.01) | 0.90 |
HbA1c | 1.06 (1.02–1.1) | 0.005 | 1.1 (1.05–1.1) | < 0.001 | ||
LDL | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.71 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.98 | ||
eGFR | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.31 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.65 | ||
Encounter frequency | 0.99 (0.98–0.996) | 0.004 | 0.99 (0.98–0.996) | 0.004 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.25 |
Nurse practitioner | 0.90 (0.77–1.04) | 0.16 | 0.90 (0.77–1.04) | 0.16 | 0.69 (0.44–1.1) | 0.10 |
Provider specialty | ||||||
Endocrinology | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.6 (2.2–3.0) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | < 0.001 |
Other | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.88–1.4) | 0.44 |
Provider female | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.00–1.4) | 0.044 |
Provider diabetes experiencea | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 0.24 |
Insulin regimenb | ||||||
Basal-bolus | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.003 |
Bolus only | 1.2 (1.04–1.4) | 0.01 | 1.2 (1.04–1.4) | 0.01 | 1.2 (0.91–1.5) | 0.22 |
Mixed | 1.2 (0.92–1.6) | 0.16 | 1.2 (0.92–1.6) | 0.16 | 1.3 (0.88–2.0) | 0.18 |
Commercial EMR | 0.53 (0.40–0.71) | < 0.001 | 0.53 (0.40–0.71) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.45–1.04) | 0.08 |