Table 3 Summary of relative risk estimates (RR) (95 % CIs) for cohort studies that assess the association between depression and risk of MetS by gender, study population, continent, depression scales, MetS scales, and Age.
Subgroup | Number of studies | Summary Relative Risk (95 % CI) | Between studies | Between subgroups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | P heterogeneity | Q | Q | P heterogeneity | |||
Gender Female Male Both | 7 3 11 | 1.55 (1.23–1.94) 1.54 (1.11– 2.14) 1.23 (0.99–1.53) | 89.04 % 93.61 % 94.47 % | < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 | 59.64 31.28 89.61 | 2.40 | 0.30 |
Continents America Europe | 9 12 | 1.46 (1.16–1.84) 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 98.51 % 92.41 % | < 0.001 < 0.001 | 99.79 95.84 | 0.45 | 0.50 |
Depression Scales BDI CES-D Interview& DM Other | 5 8 5 3 | 1.50 (1.02–2.20) 1.34 (1.11–1.61) 1.45 (1.05–2.00) 1.10 (0.77 – 1.56) | 91.39 % 77.66 % 99.21 % 38.96 % | < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.19 | 46.48 31.34 98.27 3.28 | 1.81 | 0.61 |
MetS Scales ATP III IDF | 19 2 | 1.41 (1.18–1.69) 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 96.94 % 14.80 % | < 0.001 0.28 | 588.0 1.17 | 4.14 | 0.04 |
Study Population General Patients Other | 19 1 1 | 1.46 (1.33–1.60) - - | 97.78 % - - | < 0.001 - - | 810.7 - - | 1.32 | 0.52 |
Age ≤ 50 Year > 50 Year | 11 2 | 1.30 (1.13–1.49) 1.21 (1.13–1.44) | 84.26 % 0.00 % | < 0.001 0.49 | 63.54 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.59 |