Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia, 2020
From: Determinants of diabetic retinopathy in Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia: a case–control study
Variable | Category | Cases (n = 142) | Control (n = 140) | COR(95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 80(56.3) | 60(42.9) | 1.72(1.074–2.75) | 3.65(0.47–28.01) | 0.213 |
Female | 62(43.7) | 80(57.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Glucometer at home | Yes | 30(21.1) | 56(40.0) | 0.40(0.23–0.68) | 0.048(0.005–0.49 | 0.011* |
No | 112(78.9) | 84(60.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Diet Plan | Yes | 14(9.9) | 39(27.9) | 0.28(0.147–0.55) | 0.33(0.032–3.47) | 0.357 |
No | 127(90.1) | 101(72.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Exercise Adherence | Adhered | 16(11.3) | 50(35.7) | 0.22(0.122–0.42) | 0.075(0.007–0.84) | 0.036* |
Not adhered | 126(88.7) | 90(64.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Alcohol | Yes | 54(38.0) | 28(20.0) | 2.45(1.43–4.19) | 7.70(0.64–92.22) | 0.107 |
No | 88(62.0) | 112(80.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Knowledge of DR | Poor | 74(52.1) | 52(37.1) | 1 | 1 | |
Good | 55(38.7) | 66(47.1) | 0.58(0.35–0.96) | 0.34(0.04–2.75) | 0.317 | |
Excellent | 13(9.2) | 22(15.7) | 0.41(0.19–0.89) | 0.021(0.001–0.41) | 0.011 | |
Attitude toward DR | Negative | 48(33.8) | 30(21.4) | 1.87(1.09–3.19) | 0.83(0.127–5.43) | 0.847 |
Positive | 94(66.2) | 110(78.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Duration of DM | < 5 years | 12(8.5) | 82(58.6) | 0.024(0.01–0.05) | 0.005(0.00–0.10) | 0.001* |
5–10 years | 26(18.3) | 31(22.1) | 0.136(0.06–0.30) | 0.041(0.003–0.57) | 0.018* | |
11–15 years | 30(21.1) | 15(10.7) | 0.324(0.13–0.77) | 0.092(0.006–1.38) | 0.085 | |
> 15 years | 74(52.1) | 12(8.6) | 1 | |||
Glycemic control | Good | 33(23.2) | 107(76.4) | 1 | 1 | |
Poor | 109(76.8) | 33(23.6) | 10.7(6.17–18.58) | 19.9(2.34–168.69) | 0.006* | |
SBP | < 140 mmHg | 40(28.2) | 116(82.9) | 1 | 1 | |
≥ 140 mmHg | 102(71.8) | 24(17.1) | 12.3(6.95–21.8) | 23.4(2.56–215.36) | 0.005* | |
Creatinine | > 1.2 mg/dl | 73(51.4) | 44(31.4) | 2.3(1.421–3.75) | 3.45(0.55–21.45) | 0.183 |
≤ 1.2 mg/dl | 69(48.6) | 96(68.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Hyperlipidemia | Yes | 65(45.8) | 28(20.0) | 3.37(1.98–5.73) | 2.85(0.43–18.61) | 0.273 |
No | 77(54.2) | 112(80.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Neuropathy | Yes | 41(28.9) | 25(17.9) | 1.86(1.06–3.28) | 3.68(0.308–44.22) | 0.303 |
No | 101(71.1) | 115(82.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Nephropathy | Yes | 55(38.7) | 21(15.0) | 3.58(2.018–6.35) | 17.85(2.01–158.1) | 0.010* |
No | 87(61.3) | 119(85.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Health information | Yes | 23(16.2) | 108(77.1) | 0.057(0.03–0.10) | 0.002(0.00–0.042) | < 0.001* |
No | 119(83.8) | 32(22.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Frequency of visit appointed | Every month | 21(14.8) | 55(39.3) | 0.08(0.04–0.16) | 0.004(0.00–0.073) | < 0.001* |
Every 3 months | 25(17.6) | 65(46.4) | 0.08(0.041–0.15) | 0.022(0.002–0.23) | 0.002* | |
Every 6 months | 96(67.6) | 20(14.3) | 1 | 1 |