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Table 2 Subgroup analysis of the pooled effect of obesity on H. pylori infection and vice versa based on the diagnosis method

From: The association between Helicobacter pylori and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies

Effect

Subgroup

No. of studies

Summary odds ratio (95% CI)

Between studies

Between subgroups

I2

P heterogeneity

Q

Q

P heterogeneity

H. pylori on obesity

Variables adjusted

Yes

5

1.01 (1.01 – 1.03)

6.6%

0.372

4.03

4.03

0.0001

No

1

0.88 (0.45 – 1.72)

-

-

-

Method of diagnosis

ELIZA

4

1.11 (0.99 – 1.25)

0.0%

0.627

1.76

4.03

0.006

Histology and biopsy

1

0.88 (0.45 – 1.72)

-

-

-

13C-urea breath test

1

1.01 (1.00 – 1.02)

0.0%

0.515

1.43

Obesity on H. pylori

Method of diagnosis

Histology and biopsy

3

1.14 (0.96 – 1.36)

40.0%

0.180

1.55

5.14

0.001

13C-urea breath test

1

2.11 (1.48 – 2.99)

-

-

-

One step H. pylori test device

1

2.91 (2.01 – 4.20)

-

-

-