From: Sociodemographic variables associated with risk for diabetic retinopathy
 | Univariable (#Obs = 11,435) (#Subjs = 3470) | Multivariable (#Obs = 9133) (#Subjs = 3452) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | n Used | #Subjs | Estimate [95% CI] | p-value | Estimate [95% CI] | p-value |
Age at visit | 9134 | 3470 | -0.05 [-0.07, -0.02] | < 0.001 | -0.04 [-0.07, -0.02] | < 0.001 |
Female sex | 9134 | 3470 | 1.64 [1.05, 2.24] | < 0.001 | 1.60 [1.01, 2.19] | < 0.001 |
Income | 9134 | 3470 |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.01 |
Low (≤ Q1) vs High (≥ Q3) |  |  | 1.75 [0.92, 2.56] | < 0.001 | 1.54 [0.70, 2.39] | < 0.001 |
Medium (Q1, Q3) vs High (≥ Q3) |  |  | 0.81 [0.09, 1.53] | 0.03 | 0.65 [-0.06, 1.36] | 0.07 |
Race | 9133 | 3457 |  | < 0.001 |  | < 0.001 |
Black vs White | Â | Â | 0.15 [-0.67, 0.96] | 0.73 | -0.32 [-1.15, 0.50] | 0.45 |
Unknown/other/mixed vs White |  |  | -3.27 [-4.24, -2.31] | < 0.001 | -3.54 [-4.54, -2.54] | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity | 9133 | 3453 | Â | 0.55 | Â | 0.08 |
Non-Hispanic vs Hispanic | Â | Â | -0.14 [-1.89, 1.60] | 0.87 | -1.59 [-3.39, 0.21] | 0.08 |
Unknown/refused vs Hispanic | Â | Â | 0.54 [-1.55, 2.63] | 0.61 | -0.64 [-2.75, 1.46] | 0.55 |
Payor | 9134 | 3470 | Â | 0.02 | Â | 0.01 |
BCBS vs Other commercial | Â | Â | -0.02 [-0.30, 0.25] | 0.86 | -0.03 [-0.30, 0.25] | 0.86 |
BCN vs Other commercial | Â | Â | 0.30 [0.02, 0.57] | 0.04 | 0.31 [0.04, 0.59] | 0.03 |
Medicaid vs Other commercial | Â | Â | -0.30 [-0.69, 0.09] | 0.14 | -0.29 [-0.69, 0.10] | 0.14 |
Medicare vs Other commercial | Â | Â | -0.10 [-0.35, 0.15] | 0.43 | -0.12 [-0.36, 0.13] | 0.35 |