Table 1 Thirty-three lipoatrophy cases induced by detemir, aspart, detemir plus aspart, and NovoMix30

Literature Search 2009 (9)

Hussein et al. UK 2007 [8]

65 yo Caucasian female with late-onset TIDM started on NovoMix 30. LA in both thighs (onset not mentioned). When switched to abdomen, new LA developed. Did not resolve.

Szypowska et al. Poland 2008 [6]

32 mo Caucasian boy with T1DM using Asp in CSII. LA at infusion sites in buttocks 10 months later. Switched to Lispro and LA reported at new infusion sites.

Del Olmo et al. Spain 2008 [4]

30 yo female T1DM. Detemir 10 u hs. LA appear on thighs “several” months after initiation. No LA with NPH, Mixtard 30 or Actrapid used earlier.

Literature Search 2015

Kesavadev J et al. India 2008 [12]

55 yo Indian male with T2DM (?) on CSII using Asp developed LA at infusion sites 2 months after initiating therapy.

Bocca et al. Netherlands 2009 [13]

7 yo girl with T1DM since age 1 yr. Started on CSII using Asp at age 5 yrs. At age 7 yrs LA developed at infusion sites on buttocks and thighs.

Chang YT et al. USA 2010 [14]

11 yo girl with T1DM on CSII using Asp. Developed LA at infusion sites after 1 yr. Previously on MDI using Asp + glargine with lipohypertrophy at injection sites. Switched to lispro and applied sodium cromoglicate cream with little effect.

Ninnikoski et al. Finland 2010 [15]

7 yo boy with T1DM on CSII using Asp. Developed LA in infusion site on buttocks within a year of starting Asp. Switched to lispro and used a different site. Applied pimecrolimus cream with little effect on LA.

Ninnikoski et al. Finland 2010 [15]

15 yo boy with T1DM on CSII using Asp. Developed LA in infusion site on thighs within a year of starting Asp. Switched to glulisine and changed site. LA did not disappear.

Ninnikoski et al. Finland 2010 [15]

10 yo girl with T1DM since age 5 years on CSII using Asp. Developed LA in infusion sites on thighs 4 yrs later. Switched to lispro and changed site. Applied Na cromoglycate with some improvement in LA.

Babiker et al. UK 2011 [10]

4 yo Caucasian T1DM NovoMix 30. LA 2-3 yrs after insulin. LA in new injection sites when site changed

Babiker et al. UK 2011 [10]

5 yo Caucasian T1DM NovoMix 30. LA 3 yrs after insulin. LA in new injection sites with Lispro 25/75

Babiker et al. UK 2011 [10]

12 yo Caucasian T1DM Novorapid+glargine. LA 3 yrs after insulin. Novorapid site only. Resolved when site changed

Babiker et al. UK 2011 [10]

14 yo Caucasian T1DM Novorapid+detemir. LA 3 yrs after insulin. Detemir site only. LA when detemir changed to glargine.

George PS et al. UK 2011 [16]

? yo woman with T1DM on CSII using Asp. Developed LA at infusion sites 2 years after initiation. Previously on MDI using glargine and Asp without LA.

Yazdanyar S et al. Denmark 2011 [17]

17 yo girl with T1DM developed lipoatrophy at aspart infusion sites 1.5 years after starting CSII. Previously used Biphasic Asp. Switched to glulisine without lipoatrophy.

Yazdanyar S et al. Denmark 2011 [17]

8 yo boy with T1DM developed LA as aspart infusion sites soon after starting CSII. Previously used aspart, Biphasic aspart and glulisine without LA.

Yazdanyar S et al. Denmark 2011 [17]

7 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Aspart infusion sites 10 months after starting CSII. Previously used Asp and Biphasic Asp without LA.

Tavare AN et al. UK 2011 [23]

53 yo Indian woman with T2DM developed LA at Asp + Det injection sites. Previously on NovoMix 30 with itching and erythema. Also developed LA (onset not stated) and local reaction to Lispro, Lispro 25/75, glargine and Human Mixtard 30.

Peteiro-Gonzalez D et al. Spain 2011 [18]

39 yo woman with T1DM on MDI-glargine and Asp. LA at Asp sites (thighs) 2 years after Asp therapy. Also had primary hypothyroidism and psoriasis. Biopsy and TNFα elevated.

Salma et al. France 2011 [19]

42 yo man with T1DM since age 7 yrs. After CSII for 14 months, he developed LA. Applied Na Cromoglycate and switshed to glulisine.

Swelheim et al. Netherlands 2012 [20]

7 yo female with T1DM CSII aspart. LA (few months later) in buttocks and thighs. Substituted with lispro with no benefit.

Suththanantha J et al. UK 2012 [21]

7 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Asp infusion site when on CSII. Onset not mentioned.

Suththanantha et al. UK 2012 [21]

17 yo boy with T1DM developed LA at Asp injection sites (on MDI). Onset not mentioned. Had hypothyroidism and Addison’s disease.

Agha et al. UK 2013 [11]

54 yo female with T1DM. Detemir in her thighs and Aspart in her abdomen. Lipoatrophy in her thighs. Hypoglycemia improved when injection site changed to abdomen.

Agha et al. UK 2013 [11]

29 yo female with T1DM. Detemir in her thighs and Aspart in her abdomen. Lipoatrophy in her thighs after 2.5 years.

Agha et al. UK 2013 [11]

26 yo T1DM woman on detemir and aspart developed LA at injection sites on her thighs. LA onset not mentioned

Agha et al. UK 2013 [11]

32 yo T1DM woman on detemir plus aspart developed LA at injection sites on her thighs. LA onset not mentioned.

Agha et al. UK 2013 [11]

64 yo female with T1DM. Detemir in her thighs for 8 years. LA in thighs 2-3 years after starting it.

Breznik et al. Slovenia 2013 [24]

62 yo T2DM woman on detemir plus aspart developed LA 5.5 yrs after starting insulin. Did not resolve spontaneously. Biopsy findings

Simeonovic M et al. UK and Australia 2014 [22]

3 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Asp infusion site (buttock) when on CSII (after 1-3 yrs).

Simeonovic M et al. UK and Australia 2014 [22]

7 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Asp infusion site (abdomen) when on CSII (1-3 yrs later).

Simeonovic M et al. UK and Australia 2014 [22]

8 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Asp infusion site (thigh) when on CSII (after 1-3 yrs).

Simeonovic M et al. UK and Australia 2014 [22]

10 yo girl with T1DM developed LA at Asp infusion site (abdomen) when on CSII (after 1-3 yrs).

Saberi et al. USA 2014 (our report)

41 yo T1DM woman developed LA at injection sites on thighs, upper arms and abdomen 14 months after starting aspart and detemir MDI. When switched to CSII (Omnipod) using aspart LA developed within a year. When switched to CSII using glulisine LA developed after a year. When switched to CSII using lispro no new LA after 10 months. The original LA began to fill in when left alone.

41 yo T1DM woman developed LA at injection sites on thighs, upper arms and abdomen 14 months after starting aspart and detemir MDI. When switched to CSII (Omnipod) using aspart LA developed within a year. When switched to CSII using glulisine LA developed after a year. When switched to CSII using lispro no new LA after 10 months. The original LA began to fill in when left alone.