Characteristics of insulin-Naïve people with type 2 diabetes who successfully respond to insulin glargine U100 after 24 weeks of treatment: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 3 randomized clinical trials

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of responders and nonresponders to insulin glargine 100 Units/mL at 24 weeks

	Responders at 24 weeks (HbA1c < 7% or ≥ 1% reduction) n = 1188	Nonresponders at 24 Weeks (HbA1c ≥ 7% and < 1% reduction) n = 297	P value
Age, years	57.8 (9.9)	57.2 (10.1)	0.323
Age group			0.833
< 65 years	893 (75.2)	225 (75.8)
≥ 65 years	295 (24.8)	72 (24.2)
Gender			0.012
Women	543 (45.7)	160 (53.9)
Men	645 (54.3)	137 (46.1)
Duration of T2DM, years	10.3 (6.6)	9.7 (6.5)	0.159
Weight, kg	87.5 (19.7)	85.8 (21.6)	0.201
BMI, kg/m²	31.3 (5.70)	30.9 (5.70)	0.213
HbA1c, %	9.1 (1.2)	8.3 (0.9)	< 0.001
HbA1c, mmol/mol	99 (13)	91 (10)	< 0.001
FBG, mg/dL	186.7 (52.0)	158.5 (42.2)	< 0.001
≥ 1 OAMs Targeting PPG^a	1111 (93.5)	290 (97.6)	0.006
SU, yes	1067 (89.8)	284 (95.6)	0.002
2 OAMs	790 (66.5)	194 (65.3)	0.701
MET/SU	614 (51.7)	167 (56.2)	–
3 OAMs	389 (32.7)	100 (33.7)	0.761
MET/SU/TZD	346 (29.1)	89 (30.0)	–
4 OAMs	7 (0.6)	3 (1.0)	0.429

Individual participant data were pooled from 3 randomized clinical trials [20,21,22] and are mean (SD) or n (%). Patients are those who were randomized to insulin glargine as the only insulin treatment and with no missing HbA1c values at 24 weeks. Two-sided P values were considered statistically significant if < 0.05 and were calculated by ANOVA model (response = subgroup) for continuous variables and by Pearson’s Chi-square or Fisher’s exact (for OAM data with less than 80% of cells with an expected value ≥5) test for categorical variables. Abbreviations: AGI alpha glucosidase inhibitor, BMI body mass index, DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase IV, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, MEG meglitinides, MET metformin, OAM oral antihyperglycemic medication, PPG postprandial blood glucose, SD standard deviation, SU sulphonylurea, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TZD thiazolidinedione. ^aOAMs targeting postprandial glucose were SU, DPP-IV, AGI, and MEG