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Table 3 Effects of neighborhood variables and correlates on A1c, n = 424

From: How is neighborhood social disorganization associated with diabetes outcomes? A multilevel investigation of glycemic control and self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services

Variablea

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

Regression Coefficient

p-value

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

B (95% CI)

Intercept

7.55 (7.48, 7.66)

< 0.001

7.55 (7.45, 7.65)

< 0.001

7.55 (7.45, 7.65)

< 0.001

7.55 (7.45, 7.64)

< 0.001

Sex

 Female

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 Male

0.01 (−0.20, 0.22)

0.91

0.02 (− 0.18, 0.22)

0.84

0.02 (− 0.19, 0.22)

0.87

0.01 (− 0.19, 0.22)

0.90

Age

−0.01 (− 0.01, 0.00)

0.28

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.53

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.48

0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.48

Race

 White

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 Black

0.02 (−0.21, 0.25)

0.86

−0.03 (− 0.26, 0.19)

0.77

−0.06 (− 0.30, 0.18)

0.61

−0.07 (− 0.30, 0.16)

0.54

 Other

0.39 (−0.17, 0.96)

0.17

0.34 (−0.2, 0.88)

0.22

0.26 (− 0.29, 0.81)

0.36

0.25 (− 0.30, 0.79)

0.37

Educational level

 Some HS

0.16 (− 0.31, 0.62)

0.51

0.03 (−0.42, 0.48)

0.91

0.05 (−0.41, 0.51)

0.83

0.05 (− 0.40, 0.50)

0.84

 HS grad

−0.05 (− 0.32, 0.22)

0.73

− 0.01 (− 0.27, 0.25)

0.96

−0.01 (− 0.28, 0.25)

0.93

− 0.01 (− 0.26, 0.25)

0.97

 Some college

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

REF

 

 College grad

0.14 (− 0.14, 0.42)

0.34

0.10 (− 0.17, 0.37)

0.45

0.09 (−0.18, 0.37)

0.49

0.13 (−0.14, 0.4)

0.34

 Grad

−0.02 (− 0.35, 0.31)

0.90

− 0.05 (− 0.36, 0.27)

0.77

− 0.06 (− 0.38, 0.26)

0.71

− 0.03 (− 0.34, 0.29)

0.87

Years with diabetes

–

–

0.04*** (0.02, 0.05)

< 0.001

0.04*** (0.02, 0.05)

< 0.001

0.04*** (0.02, 0.05)

< 0.001

Diabetes distress

–

–

0.02*** (0.01, 0.03)

< 0.001

0.02*** (0.01, 0.03)

< 0.001

0.02*** (0.01, 0.03)

< 0.001

Diabetes empowerment

–

–

0.24* (0.03, 0.45)

0.03

0.25* (0.04, 0.46)

0.02

0.24* (0.03, 0.45)

0.03

Self-reported use of acute or emergency health care services

–

–

− 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.03)

0.61

− 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.04)

0.65

− 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.03)

0.60

Self-care

–

–

− 0.10* (− 0.18, − 0.02)

0.02

−0.10* (− 0.18, − 0.02)

0.02

−0.10* (− 0.18, − 0.02)

0.01

Comorbidities

–

–

− 0.07* (− 0.13, − 0.01)

0.03

− 0.06* (− 0.12, 0.00)

0.04

−0.06* (− 0.12, 0.00)

0.04

Neighborhood economic disadvantage

 Low

–

–

–

–

0.20 (− 0.14, 0.54)

0.25

–

–

 Medium

–

–

–

–

REF

 

–

–

 High

–

–

–

–

0.11 (− 0.21, 0.42)

0.51

–

–

Neighborhood residential instability

 Low

–

–

–

–

0.01 (− 0.31, 0.33)

0.95

–

–

 Medium

–

–

–

–

REF

 

–

–

 High

–

–

–

–

0.18 (− 0.10, 0.46)

0.21

–

–

Neighborhood ethnic heterogeneity

 Low

–

–

–

–

− 0.03 (− 0.3, 0.25)

0.84

–

–

 Medium

–

–

–

–

REF

 

–

–

 High

–

–

–

–

0.01 (− 0.26, 0.28)

0.94

–

–

NSD (composite measure)

 Low

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.09 (− 0.18, 0.36)

0.52

 Medium

–

–

–

–

–

–

REF

 

 High

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.39* (0.08, 0.69)

0.01

  1. Model 1 - Individual demographic variables. Model 2 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables. Model 3 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables and separate NSD measures. Model 4 - Individual demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables and composite NSD measure
  2. NSD refers to neighborhood social disorganization
  3. * p < 0.05
  4. *** p < 0.001
  5. aIn all models, variables were grand mean centered to increase interpretability
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Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology

ISSN: 2055-8260

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