Table 2 Comparison of characteristics of diabetic lipodystrophy patients with and without foot ulcers
From: Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers in metreleptin naïve patients with lipodystrophy
Patients developing foot ulcer (n = 9) | Patients without foot ulcer (n = 81) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Current age (years) | 34 (26–52) | 35 (25–51) | 0.652 |
Gender (F/M) | 8/1 | 64/17 | 0.681 |
Smoking (n, %) | 3 (33/3 %) | 9 (11.1 %) | 0.097 |
Generalized lipodystrophy (n, %) | 6 (67 %) | 24 (29.6 %) | 0.055 |
The age when lipodystrophy was diagnosed (years) | 15 (6–47) | 31 (18–47) | 0.187 |
The age when diabetes developed (years) | 24 (10–35) | 28 (18–38) | 0.253 |
Time from the diagnosis of lipodystrophya (years) | 19 (2–20) | 2 (1–5) | 0.008 |
Duration of diabetes (years)a | 17 (15–22) | 9 (4–14) | 0.007 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 3 (33 %) | 34 (42 %) | 0.732 |
Retinopathy (n, %) | 6 (67 %) | 8 (10 %) | < 0.001 |
Neuropathy (n, %) | 9 (100 %) | 20 (25 %) | < 0.001 |
Insulin use (n, %) | 9 (100 %) | 39 (49 %) | 0.003 |
Peripheral artery disease (n, %) | 4 (44 %) | 2 (3 %) | 0.001 |
Cardiac disease (n, %) | 3 (33 %) | 21 (26 %) | 0.696 |
eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n, %) | 3 (33 %) | 5 (6 %) | 0.031 |
eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n, %) | 3 (33 %) | 1 (1 %) | 0.003 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 184 (163–203) | 155 (115–201) | 0.116 |
HbA1c (%) | 9.1 (7.8–11.6) | 8.0 (6.4–9.5) | 0.041 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 690 (342–1048) | 416 (243–931) | 0.161 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 213 (176–235) | 207 (175–238) | 0.900 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105 (66–111) | 107 (84–131) | 0.585 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 28 (25–36) | 32 (25–38) | 0.496 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 0.78 (0.24–0.90) | 3.01 (0.70–6.23) | 0.052 |